منابع مشابه
Perpetual Trade Liberalization
If the costs of going back on previously agreed tari¤ reductions are high relative to the terms of trade gains, then the multilateral liberalization process becomes ‘perpetual’. Perpetual trade liberalization has two unique characteristics. (i) No ‘e¢cient’ tari¤ level exists at which liberalization stops. (ii) Some liberalization must occur in every period. International agreements and institu...
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Both individual experiences and community characteristics influence how much people trust each other. Using individual level data drawn from US localities we find that the strongest factors associated with low trust are: (i) a recent history of traumatic experiences; (ii) belonging to a group that historically felt discriminated against, such as minorities (blacks in particular) and, to a lesse...
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Robustness and evolvability are fundamental characteristics of life whose relationship has intrigued generations of biologists. Studies of several genotype-phenotype maps (GPMs) such as the map between short DNA sequences and their bindings to transcription factors showed that phenotype robustness (PR) promotes phenotype evolvability (PE), but the underlying reason is unclear. Here, we show mat...
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Using a new set of micro evidence from an original survey of 28 transition countries, we show that democracy increases citizens’ support for the market by guaranteeing compensating justice to inequality-averse agents. Our identification strategy relies on the restriction of the sample to inhabitants of open borders between formerly integrated countries, where people face the same level of marke...
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This dissertation attempts to make a contribution within the fields of distributed systems, security, and formal verification. We provide a way to formally assess the impact of a given change in three different contexts. We have developed a logic based on Lewis’s Counterfactual Logic. First we show how our approach is applied to a standard sequential programming setting. Then, we show how a mod...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: SSRN Electronic Journal
سال: 2013
ISSN: 1556-5068
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2326524